Jupyter Notebook Tutorial: How to Install & use Jupyter?

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What is Jupyter Notebook?

Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application for writing and sharing live codes, equations, visualizations with rich text elements. It provides a convenient way to write paragraph, equations, titles, links and figures to run data analysis. It is also useful for sharing interactive algorithms with your audience for teaching or demonstrating purpose.

In this Jupyter Notebook tutorial, you will learn-

Introduction to Jupyter Notebook App

The Jupyter Notebook App is the interface where you can write your scripts and codes through your web browser. The app can be used locally, meaning you don't need internet access, or a remote server.

Each computation is done via a kernel. A new kernel is created each time you launch a Jupyter Notebook.

How to use Jupyter Notebook

In the session below, you will learn how to use Jupyter Notebook. You will write a simple line of code to get familiar with the environment of Jupyter.

Step 1) You add a folder inside the working directory that will contains all the notebooks you will create during the tutorials about TensorFlow.

Open the Terminal and write 

mkdir jupyter_tf
jupyter notebook

Code Explanation

Step 2) You can see the new folder inside the environment. Click on the folder jupyter_tf.

Step 3) Inside this folder, you will create your first notebook. Click on the button New and Python 3.

Step 4) You are inside the Jupyter environment. So far, your notebook is called Untiltled.ipynb. This is the default name given by Jupyter. Let's rename it by clicking on File and Rename

You can rename it Introduction_jupyter

In AWS Jupyter Notebook, you write codes, annotation or text inside the cells.

Inside a cell, you can write a single line of code.

or multiple lines. Jupyter reads the code one line after another.

For instance, if you write following code inside a cell.

It will produce this output.

Step 5) You are ready to write your first line of code. You can notice the cell have two colors. The green color mean you are in the editing mode.

The blue color, however, indicates you are in executing mode.

You first line of code will be to print gtupapers!. Inside the cell, you can write 

print("gtupapers!")

There are two ways to run a code in Jupyter:

To run the code, you can click on Cell and then Run Cells and Select Below

You can see the code is printed below the cell and a new cell has appeared right after the output.

A faster way to run a code is to use the Keyboard Shortcuts. To access the Keyboard Shortcuts, go to Help and Keyboard Shortcuts

Below the list of shortcuts for a MacOS keyboard. You can edit the shortcuts in the editor.

Following are shortcuts for Windows

Write this line 

print("Hello world!")

and try to use the Keyboard Shortcuts to run the code. Use alt+enter. it will execute the cell and insert a new empty cell below, like you did before.

Step 6) It is time to close the Notebook. Go to File and click on Close and Halt

Note: Jupyter automatically saves the notebook with checkpoint. If you have the following message:

It means Jupyter didn't save the file since the last checkpoint. You can manually save the notebook

You will be redirected to the main panel. You can see your notebook has been saved a minute ago. You can safely logout.

Install Jupyter Notebook with AWS

Below is a step by step process on how to install and run Jupyter Notebook on AWS:

If you do not have an account at AWS, create a free account here.

We will proceed as follow

PART 1: Set up a key pair

Step 1) Go to Services and find EC2

Step 2) In the panel and click on Key Pairs

Step 3) Click Create Key Pair

  1. You can call it Docker key
  2. Click Create

A file name Docker_key.pem downloads.

Step 4) Copy and paste it into the folder key. We will need it soon.

For Mac OS user only

This step concerns only Mac OS user. For Windows or Linux users, please proceed to PART 2

You need to set a working directory that will contain the file key

First of all, create a folder named key. For us, it is located inside the main folder Docker. Then, you set this path as your working directory 

mkdir Docker/key
cd Docker/key

PART 2: Set up a security group

Step 1) You need to configure a security group. You can access it with the panel

Step 2) Click on Create Security Group

Step 3) In the next Screen

  1. Enter Security group name "jupyter_docker" and Description Security Group for Docker
  2. You need to add 4 rules on top of
  1. Click Create

Step 4) The newly created Security Group will be listed

Part 3: Launch instance

You are finally ready to create the instance

Step 1) Click on Launch Instance

The default server is enough for your need. You can choose Amazon Linux AMI. The current instance is 2018.03.0.

AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image. It contains the information required to successfully starts an instance that run on a virtual server stored in the cloud.

Note that AWS has a server dedicated to deep learning such as:

All of them Comes with latest binaries of deep learning frameworks pre-installed in separate virtual environments:

Fully-configured with NVidia CUDA, cuDNN and NCCL as well as Intel MKL-DNN

Step 2) Choose t2.micro. It is a free tier server. AWS offers for free this virtual machine equipped with 1 vCPU and 1 GB of memory. This server provides a good tradeoff between computation, memory and network performance. It fits for small and medium database

Step 3) Keep settings default in next screen and click Next: Add Storage

Step 4) Increase storage to 10GB and click Next

Step 5) Keep settings default and click Next: Configure Security Group

Step 6) Choose the security group you created before, which is jupyter_docker

Step 7) Review your settings and Click the launch button

Step 8 ) The last step is to link the key pair to the instance.

Step 8) Instance will launch

Step 9) Below a summary of the instances currently in use. Note the public IP

Step 9) Click on Connect

You will find the connection detials

Launch your instance (Mac OS users)

At first make sure that inside the terminal, your working directory points to the folder with the key pair file docker

run the code 

chmod 400 docker.pem

Open the connection with this code.

There are two codes. in some case, the first code avoids Jupyter to open the notebook.

In this case, use the second one to force the connection in Jupyter Notebook on EC2. 

# If able to launch Jupyter
ssh -i "docker.pem" This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

# If not able to launch Jupyter
ssh -i "docker.pem" This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. -L 8888:127.0.0.1:8888

The first time, you are prompted to accept the connection

Launch your instance (Windows users)

Step 1) Go to this website to download PuTTY and PuTTYgen PuTTY

You need to download

Now that both software are installed, you need to convert the .pem file to .ppk. PuTTY can only read .ppk. The pem file contains the unique key created by AWS.

Step 2) Open PuTTYgen and click on Load. Browse the folder where the .pem file is located.

Step 3)After you loaded the file, you should get a notice informing you that the key has been successfully imported. Click on OK

Step 4) Then click on Save private key. You are asked if you want to save this key without a passphrase. Click on yes.

Step 5) Save the Key

Step 6) Go to AWS and copy the public DNS

Open PuTTY and paste the Public DNS in the Host Name

Step 7)

  1. On the left panel, unfold SSH and open Auth
  2. Browse the Private Key. You should select the .ppk
  3. Click on Open.

Step 8)

When this step is done, a new window will be opened. Click Yes if you see this pop-up

Step 9)

You need to login as: ec2-user

Step 10)

You are connected to the Amazon Linux AMI.

Part 4: Install Docker

While you are connected with the server via Putty/Terminal, you can install Docker container.

Execute the following codes 

sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y docker
sudo service docker start
sudo user-mod -a -G docker ec2-user
exit

Launch again the connection 

ssh -i "docker.pem" This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. -L 8888:127.0.0.1:8888

Windows users use SSH as mentioned above

Part 5: Install Jupyter

Step 1) Create Jupyter with,

pre-built image. 

## Tensorflow
docker run -v ~/work:/home/jovyan/work -d -p 8888:8888 jupyter/tensorflow-notebook 
## Sparkdocker
run -v ~/work:/home/jovyan/work -d -p 8888:8888 jupyter/pyspark-notebook

Code Explanation

For other pre-build images, go here

Allow preserving Jupyter AWS notebook 

sudo chown 1000 ~/work

Step 2) Install tree to see,

our working directory next 

sudo yum install -y tree

Step 3) Check the container and its name

Use command 

  1. docker ps
  2. Get the name and use the log to open Jupyter. In this Jupyter tutorial, the container's name is vigilant_easley. Use command 
    docker logs vigilant_easley
  3. Get the URL

Step 4) In the URL,

Replace (90a3c09282d6 or 127.0.0.1) with Public DNS of your instance

http://(90a3c09282d6 or 127.0.0.1):8888/?token=f460f1e79ab74c382b19f90fe3fd55f9f99c5222365eceed

Step 5) The new URL becomes,

http://ec2-174-129-135-16.compute-1.amazonaws.com:8888/?token=f460f1e79ab74c382b19f90fe3fd55f9f99c5222365eceed

Step 6) Copy and paste the URL into your browser.

Jupyter Opens

Step 7) You can write a new Notebook,

in your work folder

Part 6: Close connection

Close the connection in the terminal 

exit

Go back to AWS and stop the server.

Troubleshooting

If ever docker doesnot work, try to rebuilt image using 

docker run -v ~/work:/home/jovyan/work -d -p 8888:8888 jupyter/tensorflow-notebook

Summary

 

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