MIS
Types of Information System: TPS, DSS & Pyramid Diagram
A typical organization is divided into operational, middle, and upper level. The information...
Decision Support System (DSS): Demo PoS for a Retail Store
- Details
In this tutorial, we will create a simple point of sale system for a fictitious retail store. The system will be used by the operational staff to record the day to day business transactions, the tactical staff will also use the system to monitor the retail store's current performance.
The system will have the ability to export data to excel. Excel will be used as a decision support system tool to analyze the data. The data in Excel can also be combined with data from other sources.
Retail store MIS components
1. Business Procedures
Business procedures define how the day to day business transactions must be conducted. The point of sale system will be used to record daily sales.
The following list outlines the activities to be done when a customer buys an item
- Customer presents items to be purchased to the cash till
- Cashier searches the system for the presented item in the system to retrieve the price
- Cashier enters the quantity of the purchased item, and the system computes the total cost. This process is repeated for all the purchased items
- If a cashier wrongly adds an item or item quantity into the system, they should be able to remove it if the payment hasn't yet been posted. If the payment has been posted, the cashier should not be able to remove anything.
- After verifying the total customer bill, the system should allow the cashier to post the customer payment and print a receipt for the customer.
2. People
The users who will be using the system will be cashiers, accountants and inventory control users. All the users must be computer literally and be trained on how to use the point of sale system.
3. Hardware
The point of sale system will Microsoft Access as the database engine. Microsoft access is a standalone database engine and as such, the system will be run on a single computer. The computer used will need to have the following specifications.
- A minimum of 1GB RAM
- A minimum of 10GB free storage space on the local drive where the database will be
- The computer should run a windows based operating with at least windows XP and above
- The processor speed should have a minimum of 1GHz
4. Software
The computer that will be used with the system should have the following minimum specifications.
- Microsoft based operating system
- Microsoft Office Suite (Specifically Microsoft Word and Microsoft Access)
5. Data
The day to day business transactions will be stored in a Microsoft Access database.
Point of Sale Database Dictionary
A database dictionary describes the database fields, what they do and the data type.
The following describes the tables that we will have in our database. For the sake of simplicity, we will keep the number of tables to only four (4).
Products Table
| S/N | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | id | Numeric | Record primary key |
| 2 | Product_name | String | Name of the product |
| 3 | Price | Numeric | The price of the product |
| 4 | Quantity_at_hand | Numeric | Available quantity at hand on any given time |
| 5 | Recommended_supplier_id | Numeric | Foreign key that links to suppliers table |
Customers Table
| S/N | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | id | Numeric | Record primary key |
| 2 | Customer_name | String | Name of the customer |
| 3 | Total_purchases | Numeric | Accumulated value of the total sales to the particular customer |
Suppliers Table
| S/N | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | id | Numeric | Record primary key |
| 2 | Supplier_name | String | Name of the customer |
| 3 | Contact_number | Numeric | Contact number for the supplier |
| 4 | Email_address | String | Email address for the supplier |
Sales Table
| S/N | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | id | Numeric | Record primary key |
| 2 | Customer_id | Numeric | Customer unique identifier |
| 3 | Transaction_date | Date | The date that the transaction was recorded |
| 4 | Amount_paid | Numeric | Total purchase amount |
| 5 | Paid | Boolean | Boolean field that shows whether a customer has paid or not |
Sales Details Table
| S/N | Field Name | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | id | Numeric | Record primary key |
| 2 | sales_id | Numeric | Customer unique identifier |
| 3 | Product_id | Date | The date that the transaction was recorded |
| 4 | quantity | Numeric | Total purchase amount |
| 5 | Paid | Boolean | Boolean field that shows whether a customer has paid or not |
Point of Sale database entity relationship diagram
The entity relationship diagram shows the relationship between tables in the database. The following table describes the relationships between the database tables
| S/N | Relationship | Primary | Foreign key | Relationship nature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Products to Sales | Id in products | Product_id in sales | 1 to Many |
| 2 | Sales to customers | Id in customers | Customer_id in sales | Many to Many |
| 3 | Products to suppliers | Id in suppliers | Recommended_supplier_id in products | Many to 1 |
The following image shows the relationships among the tables in our database.
How a transaction is processed in the system
- The system retrieves all customer records from the customers table and populates the drop down combo
- The cashier clicks on new transaction button. This creates a new record in the sales table and generates a transaction id.
- The system retrieves all products from the products table and populates the drop down combo
- The cashier selects a product from the drop-down list. The system keeps the product id and price for the current item.
- The cashier enters the quantity purchased. The system calculates the subtotal based on the stored price and entered quantity. This process is repeated until all products have been posted into the system.
- The cashier enters the amount that the customer has paid. The system calculates the change if the customer pays more than the price.
- Cashier clicks on post payment button. The system updates the;
- product quantity at hand in products table
- updates the amount paid field and marks the transaction as paid in the sales table
- updates the total purchases field in customers table
Point of Sale Graphical User Interface Screenshots
System main window – this is the entry point into the system. It allows the users to enter data, process transactions, print reports and export sales data to Excel for further analysis.
Here we have demonstrated various data entry window used during POS, to give an overview of the field that is filled while performing the transaction.
Point of Sale Window used by cashiers at the cash point
The user interface is designed in such a way that it guides the cashier through the steps involved in posting a successful purchase transaction.
Customer data entry window
Products data entry window
Summary
This tutorial shows you the practical steps involved in developing an information system and explained a prototype of a POS (point of sale) system. The system has been developed using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in Microsoft Access.
