What is SAP Transport Request? How to Import/Export TR

What is a Transport Request?

• Transport Requests (TRs) – is a kind of 'Container / Collection' of changes that are made in the development system. It also records the information regarding the type of change, the purpose of transport, request category and the target system. It is also known as Change Requests.
• Each TR contains one or more change jobs, also known as change Tasks (minimum unit of transportable change). Tasks are stored inside a TR, just like multiple files are stored in some folder. TR can be released only once all the tasks inside a TR are completed, released or deleted.
• Change Task is actually a list of objects that are modified by a particular user. Each task can be assigned to (and released by) only one user. However multiple users can be assigned to each Transport Request (as it can contain multiple tasks). Tasks are not transportable by themselves, but only as a part of TR.

Change requests are named in a standard format as: <SID>K<Number> [Not modifiable by system administrators]

• SID – System ID
• K – Is fixed keyword/alphabet
• Number – can be anything from a range starting with 900001

Example: DEVK900030

Tasks also use the same naming convention, with 'numbers' consecutive to the number used in TR containing them.

For Example, Tasks in the above mentioned TR Example can be named as: DEVK900031, DEVK900032 …
  Workbench Request – contains repository objects and also 'cross-client' customizing objects. These requests are responsible for making changes in the ABAP workbench objects.

Customizing Request – contains objects that belong to 'client-specific' customizing. As per client settings, these requests are automatically recorded as per when users perform customizing settings and a target system is automatically assigned as per the transport layer (if defined).

SE01 – Transport Organizer – Extended View
 

• Automatic – Whenever creating or modifying an object, or when performing customizing settings, the system itself displays the 'Dialog box' for creating a change request or mention name of an already created request, if available.
• Manually – Create the change request from the Transport Organizer, and then enter required attributes and insert objects.

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Release the Transport Request (Export Process)

• Position the cursor on the TR name or a Task name & choose the Release icon (Truck), a record of the TR is automatically added to the appropriate import queues of the systems defined in the TMS.
• Releasing and importing a request generates export & import logs.

• After the request owner releases the Transport Requests from Source system, changes should appear in quality and production system; however, this is not an automatic process.
• As soon as the export process completes (releasing of TRs), relevant files (Cofiles and Data files) are created in the common transport directory at OS level and the entry is made in the Import Buffer (OS View) / Import Queue (SAP App. View) of the QAS and PRD.
• Now to perform the import, we need to access the import queue and for that, we need to execute transaction code STMS -> Import Button OR select Overview -> Imports
• It will show the list of systems in the current domain, description, and a number of requests available in Import Queue and the status.

Import Queue -> is the list of TRs available in the common directory and are ready to be imported into the target system, this is the SAP Application View, at the OS level it is also known as Import Buffer. 
  Import Queue shows some standard 'status icons' in the last column, here are the icons with their meanings, as defined by SAP: